Bukayo Saka proved decisive on the night having scored in the first half to seal a 1-0 win at the Emirates Stadium.
The result secured a 2-1 aggregate triumph and booked Arsenal’s place in their first Champions League final in 20 years.
Arteta, whose side will face either Paris Saint-Germain or Bayern Munich in the final on May 30, praised the team’s historic performance.
“It’s one of the best nights that I've had in my career,” he said at full-time.
“I think today the supporters raised the standard and told us the way we had to play this game.
“The way they received the team outside the stadium was unique - I've never seen it before. And the energy that was created today in this stadium was something else; something different, something that elevates everybody's conviction, energy, passion, and I'm so proud.
“It's been so many years, it's only the second time in our history that we've achieved the final. There are days that I don't know what I'm doing with this job because it's just mad!
“But when I was looking at the stands today, my players and the staff and see their joy and happiness and that light in them, everything we do makes sense."