One police officer was injured and four people were arrested following the "violent disorder", London police said.
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Images shared on social media showed dozens of people stood in Edgware Road, near Hyde Park, and some throwing bottles and other objects at police.
Police said the trouble started after people blocked traffic in the road.
"The incident then escalated with the group throwing bottles and setting off fireworks," a spokesman said. "One officer was taken to hospital for head injuries, it is believed he had been hit by a glass bottle."
Morocco were knocked out of the World Cup after losing 2-0 to France, with Kylian Mbappe and Ousmane Dembele on target for Les Bleus.