Hudson replaces Calum McFarlane, who has been added to the backroom team of first team manager Liam Rosenior.
Former Chelsea academy players James Simmonds and Andy Ross will be Hudson's assistant coaches.
Hassan Sulaiman will also be taking on a new role as pathways relationship manager, which will see him support development between the Academy and first-team. Dan Hogan, formerly Under-16s head coach, will lead the Under-18s.
Chelsea academy director Glenn van der Kraan told the club's website: "The Chelsea Academy has always taken great pride in developing talent, both within players and staff.
"We were delighted that our coaching staff were able to support the men’s team during the recent games against Manchester City and Fulham, with a number of exciting opportunities materialising as a result.
"Our focus now shifts to an important second half of the season, where our players will challenge themselves in elite competitions and continue their growth as individuals and teams."