The Northern Ireland international defender has committed his future to Wearside until 2030.
Hume told the club's website: “The Club has shown faith in me with this new contract in the Premier League, which is where I want to be.
"I arrived at Sunderland in League One and I just wanted to play football – I wasn’t thinking about promotions or the Premier League, but this is a massive Club and that means there is always going to be opportunities.
"It’s been a quick rise through the divisions, and I’ve loved every second of it, so I’m happy to extend my stay and keep making memories.”
Sunderland chief Kristjaan Speakman also said: “Trai’s story at Sunderland not only demonstrates the opportunities at our Club, but also what can happen when you take them. He arrived with the ambition of establishing himself in our team, and he is now a Premier League player, which is a testament to his application and dedication.
"He played an integral role throughout our time in the Championship, including our promotion last season, and his passion for Sunderland is clear every time he steps on the field. We are delighted he has committed his future to the Club and are excited to see him take this next step with us.”