The East Africans made a flying start, taking a two-goal lead into the interval through first-half strikes from Issa Chole and Hamisi Chenga.
Nigeria responded strongly after the break, pulling a goal back following sustained attacking pressure to revive their hopes.
However, Tanzania restored their two-goal cushion when Kassim Juma produced an excellent finish to make it 3-1.
The Golden Eaglets reduced the deficit again late on but could not find an equaliser, as Tanzania held on for victory.
Uwejamomere Eboboritse’s side will now focus on Wednesday’s meeting with Australia, with the tournament serving as key preparation for September’s WAFU B U-17 Championship and qualification for the 2027 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations.
