The injury occurred late in the match after a collision with an opposing player. He was taken to a local hospital, where tests confirmed a vertebra fracture and a head wound.
The American remained under observation overnight following the incident, raising concerns about his recovery.
"Cesena FC announces that, following the collision that occurred towards the end of the Palermo FC-Cesena FC match, Jonathan Klinsmann suffered a lacerated contusion wound to the head and a neck injury, following which he spent the night under observation at the "Villa Sofia - Cervello" United Hospitals in the Sicilian capital," the club said in a statement.
"The tests carried out revealed the presence of a fracture at the level of the first cervical vertebra, for which the goalkeeper will undergo further tests and a specialist neurosurgical consultation."