KV Mechelen say they will take "the necessary steps at Fifa" after Sheffield United signed Dutch goalkeeper Michael Verrips.
He joined the Blades on a free transfer hours before Thursday's deadline.
Verrips, 22, terminated his contract with the club after Mechelen were removed from the Europa League following a match-fixing investigation.
The club say Verrips "unilaterally broke his agreement" - but are not thought to have an issue with United.
Mechelen added that the Blades made a "concrete offer" on Wednesday but "suddenly withdrew the bid on Thursday afternoon to announce it a few hours later as an incoming transfer from a free player".