The former Fulham centre-half was due to captain his country in the South Asian Football Federation Cup in the Maldives, but instead he is flying back to London after failing to recover in time.
"I'm absolutely gutted. I don't feel well enough and the doctors don't think I'll make a full recovery in time to feature in the latter stages of the tournament," Rehman told Rangers' official website.
"I was looking forward to leading my country out, but these things happen and I'll just have to rest up and pick myself up."